Nkhani

Chiyambi

Mu mafakitale otentha kwambiri—kuyambira kupanga zitsulo mpaka kupanga magalasi—zipangizo zopopera mpweya ndiye maziko a ntchito zotetezeka komanso zogwira mtima. Pakati pa izi,njerwa za mulliteZimasiyana kwambiri ndi kukhazikika kwawo kwapadera pa kutentha, kukana dzimbiri, komanso mphamvu ya makina. Kumvetsetsa magulu awo ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa mabizinesi omwe akufuna kukonza nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito zida ndikuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mitundu yofunika kwambiri ya njerwa za mullite ndi momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito zenizeni, kukuthandizani kupanga zisankho zolondola pazosowa zanu zamafakitale.

Kugawa Njerwa za Mullite

Njerwa za Mullite zimagawidwa m'magulu kutengera njira zopangira ndi zinthu zina zowonjezera, chilichonse chikugwirizana ndi zosowa za mafakitale.

1. Njerwa Zopangidwa ndi Sintered Mullite

Zopangidwa posakaniza alumina ndi silika woyeretsedwa kwambiri, kupanga chisakanizocho, ndikuchiwotcha kutentha kopitilira 1600°C, njerwa za mullite zosinjidwa zimakhala ndi kapangidwe kolimba komanso ma porosity ochepa (nthawi zambiri pansi pa 15%). Makhalidwe amenewa amawapatsa kukana kukalamba komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri—abwino kwambiri m'malo omwe kutentha kumasinthasintha pafupipafupi. Ntchito zambiri zimaphatikizapo zitseko za ma uvuni a ceramic, ma stoves otentha a blast furnace, ndi zipinda zoyatsira moto za boiler.

2. Njerwa za Mullite zopangidwa ndi fused

Popeza zimapangidwa posungunula zinthu zopangira (alumina, silika) mu ng'anjo yamagetsi (yoposa 2000°C) ndikuyika chisakanizo chosungunukacho mu nkhungu, njerwa za mullite zosakanikirana zimakhala ndi milingo yodetsedwa kwambiri komanso kuyera kwambiri kwa kristalo. Kukana kwawo kwambiri kukokoloka kwa mankhwala (monga galasi losungunuka kapena slags) kumawapangitsa kukhala chisankho chabwino kwambiri cha zokonzanso ng'anjo yagalasi, malo osambiramo magalasi oyandama, ndi zida zina zomwe zimayikidwa pazida zosungunuka mwamphamvu.

3. Njerwa Zopepuka za Mullite

Zopangidwa powonjezera zinthu zopangira ma pore (monga utuchi, graphite) popanga, njerwa zopepuka za mullite zimakhala ndi ma porosity a 40-60% ndipo zimakhala zochepa kwambiri kuposa mitundu yopangidwa ndi sintered kapena fused-cast. Ubwino wawo waukulu ndi kutentha kochepa (0.4-1.2 W/(m·K)), komwe kumachepetsa kutaya kutentha. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zigawo zotetezera kutentha m'mauvuni, ng'anjo, ndi zida zochizira kutentha, komwe kulemera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera ndizofunikira kwambiri.

4. Njerwa za Zircon Mullite

Mwa kuphatikiza zircon (ZrSiO₄) mu kusakaniza kwa zinthu zopangira, njerwa za zircon mullite zimapeza mphamvu yowonjezereka kutentha kwambiri—zimatha kupirira kutentha mpaka 1750°C ndikupewa kukokoloka kwa asidi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera malo ovuta monga uvuni wosungunula zitsulo wopanda ferrous (monga maselo ochepetsa aluminiyamu) ndi malo oyaka simenti.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Njerwa za Mullite

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino njerwa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumawapangitsa kukhala ofunikira kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri otentha kwambiri.

1. Makampani Ogulitsa Zitsulo

Kupanga zitsulo kumaphatikizapo kutentha kwambiri (mpaka 1800°C) ndi zinyalala zowononga. Njerwa zophwanyidwa za mullite zimaphimba zitofu zotentha, komwe kukana kutentha kwawo kumaletsa ming'alu kuti isatenthe/kuzizira mofulumira. Mitundu yopangidwa ndi fused-cast imateteza ziwiya ndi ma tundishes, kuchepetsa kukokoloka kwa zinyalala ndikuwonjezera moyo wa zida ndi 20-30% poyerekeza ndi zinthu zachikhalidwe zoletsa.

2. Makampani a Simenti

Ma uvuni ozungulira simenti amagwira ntchito pa kutentha kwa 1450–1600°C, ndipo zinthu za alkaline zomwe zimawononga kwambiri kukokoloka kwa nthaka. Njerwa za Zircon mullite zimayikidwa m'malo omwe uvuni umayaka, zimateteza kuukira kwa alkali ndikusunga mawonekedwe ake. Njerwa zopepuka za mullite zimagwiranso ntchito ngati zotetezera kutentha, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 10–15%.

3. Makampani Ogulitsa Magalasi

Galasi losungunuka (1500–1600°C) limawononga kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njerwa zopangidwa ndi mullite zikhale zofunika kwambiri pa zokonzanso ng'anjo yagalasi ndi zophimba matanki. Zimateteza kuipitsidwa kwa galasi ndipo zimawonjezera nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito ng'anjo kufika zaka 5-8, kuchokera pa zaka 3-5 ndi zipangizo zina.

4. Makampani Ena

Mu kusungunula zitsulo zopanda chitsulo (aluminium, mkuwa), njerwa za zircon mullite zimalimbana ndi kuwonongeka kwa chitsulo chosungunuka ndi slag. Mu petrochemicals, njerwa za mullite zosungunuka zimayika m'ng'anjo zosweka chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwawo kutentha. Mu ceramics, njerwa zopepuka za mullite zimateteza ma uvuni, zomwe zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.

Mapeto

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya njerwa za mullite—zopangidwa ndi sintered, fused-cast, zopepuka, ndi zircon—zimakwaniritsa zosowa zapadera za mafakitale otentha kwambiri. Kuyambira kukulitsa mphamvu ya ng'anjo yachitsulo mpaka kukulitsa moyo wa ng'anjo yagalasi, zimapereka ubwino wooneka bwino: nthawi yayitali ya zida, kuchepetsa ndalama zamagetsi, komanso kuchepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito. Pamene mafakitale akuyesetsa kupanga zinthu zambiri komanso kukhazikika, njerwa za mullite zidzakhalabe yankho lofunika kwambiri. Sankhani mtundu woyenera wa ntchito yanu, ndikutsegula kuthekera kwawo konse.