Zimayambitsa ndi njira zothetsera ming'alu mu castables pa kuphika

Zifukwa ming'alu mu castables pa kuphika ndi zovuta, kuphatikizapo Kutentha mlingo, khalidwe chuma, zomangamanga zomangamanga ndi zina. Zotsatirazi ndikuwunika kwapadera kwazifukwa ndi mayankho ofananira:

1. Kutentha kumathamanga kwambiri
Chifukwa:

Panthawi yophika ma castables, ngati kutentha kwa kutentha kumathamanga kwambiri, madzi amkati amasanduka nthunzi mofulumira, ndipo mphamvu ya nthunzi yopangidwa ndi yaikulu. Ikadutsa mphamvu yolimba ya choponyedwa, ming'alu idzawoneka.

Yankho:

Khazikitsani njira yophika yophika ndikuwongolera kutentha kutengera zinthu monga mtundu ndi makulidwe ake. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha koyambirira kuyenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono, makamaka kusadutsa 50 ℃/h. Pamene kutentha kumakwera, kutentha kwa kutentha kumatha kufulumizitsidwa moyenerera, koma kuyeneranso kuyendetsedwa mozungulira 100 ℃/h - 150 ℃/h. Panthawi yophika, gwiritsani ntchito chojambulira kutentha kuti muwone kusintha kwa kutentha mu nthawi yeniyeni kuti muwonetsetse kuti kutentha kumakwaniritsa zofunikira.

2. Vuto la zinthu zakuthupi
Chifukwa:

Chiŵerengero chosayenera cha aggregate ndi ufa: Ngati pali ma aggregates ambiri ndi ufa wosakwanira, ntchito yogwirizanitsa ya castable idzachepa, ndipo ming'alu idzawoneka mosavuta panthawi yophika; m'malo mwake, ufa wochuluka udzawonjezera kuchuluka kwa shrinkage wa castable komanso kumayambitsa ming'alu mosavuta.
Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika zowonjezera: Mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera zimakhudza kwambiri momwe zimagwirira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri chochepetsera madzi kungayambitse madzi ochulukirapo a choponyedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale tsankho panthawi yolimba, ndipo ming'alu imawonekera panthawi yophika.
Yankho: 

Kuwongolera mosamalitsa mtundu wa zida zopangira, ndikuyezera molondola zida zopangira monga zophatikizira, ufa ndi zowonjezera malinga ndi zomwe wopanga amafunikira. Nthawi zonse fufuzani ndi zowonetsera zopangira kuonetsetsa kuti tinthu kukula, gradation ndi mankhwala zikuchokera zikugwirizana zofunika.

Pamagulu atsopano azinthu zopangira, choyamba muyese mayeso ang'onoang'ono kuti muyese momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, monga fluidity, mphamvu, shrinkage, ndi zina zotero, sinthani mlingo ndi mlingo wowonjezera malinga ndi zotsatira za mayesero, ndiyeno muzigwiritsa ntchito pamlingo waukulu atatha oyenerera.

3. Mavuto a ndondomeko yomanga
Zifukwa:

Kusakanikirana kosiyanasiyana:Ngati castable sichikusakanikirana mofanana panthawi yosakaniza, madzi ndi zowonjezeramo zidzagawidwa mosagwirizana, ndipo ming'alu idzachitika panthawi yophika chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa ntchito m'madera osiyanasiyana.
Kugwedezeka kosasunthika: Panthawi yothira, kugwedezeka kosasunthika kumayambitsa pores ndi ma voids mkati mwazoponyedwa, ndipo magawo ofookawa amatha kung'ambika panthawi yophika.

Kusamalira molakwika:Ngati madzi pamwamba pa castable si mokwanira anakhalabe pambuyo kuthira, madzi amasanduka nthunzi mofulumira kwambiri, zomwe zingachititse kwambiri pamwamba shrinkage ndi ming'alu.

Yankho:

Gwiritsani ntchito makina osakanikirana ndikuwongolera mosamalitsa nthawi yosakaniza. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yosakanikirana ya chosakaniza chokakamizidwa sichochepera mphindi 3-5 kuti zitsimikizire kuti zotayidwa zimasakanizidwa mofanana. Panthawi yosakaniza, onjezerani madzi okwanira kuti azitha kufika pamtunda woyenera.
Mukanjenjemera, gwiritsani ntchito zida zonjenjemera zoyenera, monga zogwedera, ndi zina zotero, ndikunjenjemera motsatira dongosolo linalake ndi mipata kuti zitsimikizire kuti zotayirazo ndi zowundana. Kugwedera nthawi ndi oyenera palibe thovu ndi kumira pamwamba pa castable.

Pambuyo kuthirira, kuchiritsa kuyenera kuchitika munthawi yake. Pulasitiki filimu, chonyowa udzu mphasa ndi njira zina angagwiritsidwe ntchito kusunga pamwamba castable lonyowa, ndi machiritso nthawi zambiri zosakwana masiku 7-10. Kwa ma castable kapena ma castable opangidwa m'malo otentha kwambiri, kupopera mankhwala ndi njira zina zitha kuchitidwanso.

4. Vuto la chilengedwe chophika
Chifukwa:
Kutentha kozungulira ndikotsika kwambiri:Pophika mu malo otsika kutentha, kulimbitsa ndi kuyanika liwiro la castable kumakhala pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kumakhala kosavuta kuzizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa mkati, motero kusweka.

Kupanda mpweya wabwino:Pa kuphika ndondomeko, ngati mpweya wabwino si yosalala, madzi chasanduka nthunzi kuchokera mkati mwa castable sangathe kumasulidwa mu nthawi, ndipo amaunjikana mkati kupanga mkulu kuthamanga, kuchititsa ming'alu.

Yankho:
Kutentha kozungulira kukakhala kochepera 5 ℃, njira zotenthetsera ziyenera kuchitidwa, monga kugwiritsa ntchito chotenthetsera, chitoliro cha nthunzi, ndi zina zotere kuti mutenthetse malo ophikira, kuti kutentha kozungulira kumakwera pamwamba pa 10 ℃-15 ℃ musanaphike. Panthawi yophika, kutentha kozungulira kuyeneranso kukhala kokhazikika kuti tipewe kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwakukulu.

Yatsani mpweya wabwino kuti mukhale ndi mpweya wabwino panthawi yophika. Malingana ndi kukula ndi mawonekedwe a zipangizo zophikira, mpweya wambiri ukhoza kukhazikitsidwa, ndipo kukula kwa mpweya kungathe kusinthidwa ngati pakufunikira kuti chinyontho chizituluka bwino. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kuti musaike zotayira mwachindunji pamphuno kuti mupewe ming'alu chifukwa cha kuyanika kwa mpweya wa m'deralo mofulumira.