Mu dziko la mafakitale otentha kwambiri, kupeza zinthu zodalirika zotsutsa kutentha zomwe zimatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri, kukokoloka kwa mankhwala, komanso kuwonongeka kwa makina ndikofunikira kwambiri.Chopopera dongo, chopangidwa ndi dongo cholimba kwambiri chomwe chimapangidwa ndi dongo ngati chomangira chachikulu, chakhala njira yabwino kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri. Kuphatikiza kwake kwapadera kwa kulimba, kugwirira ntchito bwino, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama kumapangitsa kuti chikhale chofunikira kwambiri m'malo omwe magwiridwe antchito pansi pa mikhalidwe yovuta sangakambiranedwe. Pansipa, tifufuza momwe ntchito yopangidwa ndi dongo imagwiritsidwira ntchito zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chizitchuka m'mafakitale apadziko lonse lapansi.
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zophikidwa ndi dongo chili mu makampani opanga zitsulo, chomwe ndi maziko a zinthu zolemera. Pakupanga zitsulo, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ziwiya zophikira, zophikira, ndi zopukutira ng'anjo. Zinthuzi nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi chitsulo chosungunuka (mpaka 1,500°C kapena kupitirira apo) komanso kutentha kwambiri panthawi yopangira ndi kunyamula. Kukhazikika kwabwino kwambiri kwa dongo lophikidwa ndi dongo kumaletsa ming'alu ndi kusintha kwa zinthu, kuonetsetsa kuti zidazo zikugwira ntchito bwino komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kutuluka kwa madzi. Mofananamo, popanga zitsulo zopanda chitsulo—monga aluminiyamu, mkuwa, ndi zinc—imayika ziwiya zosungunulira ndi matanki osungira. Kukana kwake ku dzimbiri lachitsulo chosungunuka ndi kuukira kwa slag kumawonjezera moyo wa zinthu zofunika izi, kuchepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito yokonza ndi kusintha.
Makampani opanga magalasi amadaliranso kwambiri dongo losungunuka pogwiritsa ntchito dongo chifukwa cha ntchito zake zovuta. Zitsulo zosungunula magalasi zimagwira ntchito kutentha kopitilira 1,600°C, ndipo galasi losungunuka limagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi kutentha kwambiri pa zipilala za uvuni. Dongo losungunuka limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphimba makoma a ng'anjo, korona, ndi zokonzanso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti likhale lolimba ku kutentha kwambiri komanso kusungunuka kwa magalasi. Kutha kwake kusunga mawonekedwe ake kwa nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito mosalekeza kumatsimikizira kuti galasi ndi labwino komanso kuchepetsa kusokonekera kwa kupanga. Kuphatikiza apo, limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zopangira magalasi monga nkhungu ndi ziwiya, komwe kukana kwake kukalamba kumalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa pamwamba pazinthu zomaliza zagalasi.
Mu gawo la petrochemical ndi refinery, dongo lophwanyika limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazochitika zokhudzana ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso zinthu zowononga. Limayika m'mafakitale osweka, ma reformer, ndi ma catalytic reactors, omwe amagwira ntchito kutentha mpaka 1,200°C ndipo amasamalira mpweya wowononga, mafuta, ndi ma catalyst. Kukana kwa zinthuzo ku kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala kuchokera ku ma hydrocarbon, ma acid, ndi ma alkali kumateteza zidazo kuti zisawonongeke, kuonetsetsa kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino komanso motetezeka. Limagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'maboiler ndi m'mitsempha ya mpweya wofewa m'mafakitale amphamvu, komwe limapirira kutentha kwambiri ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timanyamulidwa ndi mpweya wofewa, kukonza mphamvu moyenera komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zosamalira.
Makampani opanga simenti ndi zipangizo zomangira amapindula ndi kusinthasintha kwa dongo lopangidwa ndi dongo m'makina a uvuni. Ma uvuni ozungulira simenti amagwira ntchito kutentha pafupifupi 1,450°C, ndipo mkati mwake mumakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu, kukhudzidwa ndi makina kuchokera ku zipangizo zopangira, komanso kuukiridwa ndi mankhwala ochokera ku alkali ndi sulfate. Dongo lopangidwa ndi dongo limayikidwa pa chipolopolo cha uvuni, malo oyaka moto, ndi ma cyclone a preheater, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti likhale lolimba komanso losatentha lomwe limawonjezera kugwira ntchito bwino kwa uvuni ndikuwonjezera nthawi yake yogwirira ntchito. Limagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'ma uvuni a laimu ndi ma ceramic, komwe kugwira ntchito kwake kumalola kuti lipangidwe mosavuta m'mawonekedwe ovuta, kusinthasintha kapangidwe kapadera ka gawo lililonse la uvuni.
Kupatula mafakitale akuluakulu awa, dongo lopangidwa ndi dongo limagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale owotcha zinyalala ndi zida zotenthetsera. M'malo opangira zinyalala kukhala mphamvu, limayika zotenthetsera ndi zipinda zoyaka moto, kupirira kutentha kwa 1,000°C kapena kuposerapo ndipo limalimbana ndi dzimbiri kuchokera ku mpweya woopsa ndi phulusa. Kutha kwake kuthana ndi kutentha ndi kuwonongeka kwa makina kumatsimikizira kutaya zinyalala motetezeka komanso kuteteza kapangidwe ka zotenthetsera. M'mafakitale opangira kutentha - monga kuphimba, kuuma, ndi kutenthetsa - mizere yopangidwa ndi dongo yopangidwa ndi zipinda zotenthetsera ndi zinthu zotenthetsera, kusunga kutentha kofanana ndikupereka yankho lolimba losatha.
Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti dongo lopangidwa ndi dongo likhale lodziwika bwino pa ntchito zosiyanasiyanazi ndi kusinthasintha kwake. Likhoza kusakanizidwa mosavuta ndi madzi ndikuponyedwa mu mawonekedwe kapena kukula kulikonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti likhale loyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zazikulu zamafakitale komanso zinthu zopangidwa mwapadera. Kutsika mtengo kwake, poyerekeza ndi zipangizo zapamwamba zotsutsana ndi dongo, kumapangitsanso kuti likhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri kwa mabizinesi omwe akufuna kuyendetsa bwino ntchito yawo komanso bajeti yawo. Kaya ndi zitsulo, magalasi, mafuta, simenti, kapena kukonza zinyalala, dongo lopangidwa ndi dongo limapereka zotsatira zokhazikika, kuchepetsa zoopsa zogwirira ntchito ndikuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yayitali.
Kwa ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale omwe akufuna njira yodalirika yopewera kuzizira yomwe ikwaniritsa zofunikira za malo otentha kwambiri, clay castable ndiye yankho. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kulimba kwapadera komanso kugwirira ntchito bwino, kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito zamakono zamafakitale. Ikani ndalama mu clay castable lero ndikuwona kusiyana kwa magwiridwe antchito, magwiridwe antchito, komanso moyo wautali wa zida zanu zofunika.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-12-2025
